Western Siberia. 5-60
"Base 28503." Shows railroads. Scale 1:6,500,000. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. AACR2
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"Base 28503." Shows railroads. Scale 1:6,500,000. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. AACR2
"Base 28505." Shows railroads. Scale 1:6,500,000. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. AACR2
Presented here is a pocket atlas from 1900 of the steam transportation network of Siberia, including the Trans-Siberian Railroad, the Ussuri Railroad, and the Amur River steamship lines. The publication reflects Russian national pride in the recent establishment of transit links to the Pacific Ocean, even before all sections of the Trans-Siberian Railroad were complete. The atlas contains 27 maps and 14 photographs. The first map shows the global network of rail and steamship connections. It is followed by a general map of Asiatic Russia (Siberia) and a map of the Trans-Siberian Railroad as far as Irkutsk (the route to Vladivostok was unfinished as of 1900, especially the arduous mountain route along the southern tip of Lake Baikal). Other maps show the southern shores of Lake Baikal; the Trans-Baikal Railroad; the Amur steamship routes and the Ussuri Railroad; the Kwantung region (the southern part of Liaodong Peninsula in China, a territorial concession occupied by Russia in 1898); with Dalian and Port Arthur and their environs. Separate maps show some of the largest Siberian and Russian Far Eastern cities and their environs, including Tomsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Chita, Blagoveshchensk, and Vladivostok. Interspersed with the maps are photographs of Siberian scenes, depicting railroad stations, steamship wharves, and vistas of places shown on the accompanying maps. World Digital Library.
This item is from a collection of materials related to the Salekhard-Igarka Railway, an unfinished Soviet railroad sometimes called the "Dead Road." This railroad was intended to unite European Russia with the northern regions of Siberia and to facilitate the export of minerals from the industrial city of Noril'sk. Construction began in 1949 but was abandoned in 1953 after Stalin's death. Stalin had ordered the construction of the railroad without heeding the advice of specialists, who knew that a railroad built on permafrost would be difficult to maintain. Stalin considered the railroad strategically necessary to facilitate the defense of Russia's northern coast; however, actual demand for the railway was low. Construction was divided into two projects, number 501 and number 503, and was carried out by prisoners of the infamous gulag system. According to eyewitness accounts, conditions in the camps of these projects and in Yermakovo, the central settlement of construction project 503, were better than in most parts of the gulag system. This collection consists of photographs, documents, maps, letters, and memoirs housed in the Igarka Museum of Permafrost. Photographs depict daily life in Yermakovo, a settlement near Igarka, abandoned buildings and railroad equipment, and musicians and actors of the projects' cultural and educational divisions. Many of the photographs were taken by Walter Ruge (1915-2011) and depict his wife Irina Andreevna Alferova. Ruge completed a ten-year sentence as a political prisoner in 1951 before he was released to live as an exile in Yermakovo, where he met Alferova, a fellow exile. The collection's documents and maps provide information about the planning and construction of the railroad and the administration of the camps, while the memoirs and letters describe the experiences of prisoners, exiles, and civilian residents of Yermakovo and the camps. The collection was digitized in the early 2000s for the Meeting of Frontiers digital library project. World Digital Library.
This item is from a collection of materials related to the Salekhard-Igarka Railway, an unfinished Soviet railroad sometimes called the "Dead Road." This railroad was intended to unite European Russia with the northern regions of Siberia and to facilitate the export of minerals from the industrial city of Noril'sk. Construction began in 1949 but was abandoned in 1953 after Stalin's death. Stalin had ordered the construction of the railroad without heeding the advice of specialists, who knew that a railroad built on permafrost would be difficult to maintain. Stalin considered the railroad strategically necessary to facilitate the defense of Russia's northern coast; however, actual demand for the railway was low. Construction was divided into two projects, number 501 and number 503, and was carried out by prisoners of the infamous gulag system. According to eyewitness accounts, conditions in the camps of these projects and in Yermakovo, the central settlement of construction project 503, were better than in most parts of the gulag system. This collection consists of photographs, documents, maps, letters, and memoirs housed in the Igarka Museum of Permafrost. Photographs depict daily life in Yermakovo, a settlement near Igarka, abandoned buildings and railroad equipment, and musicians and actors of the projects' cultural and educational divisions. Many of the photographs were taken by Walter Ruge (1915-2011) and depict his wife Irina Andreevna Alferova. Ruge completed a ten-year sentence as a political prisoner in 1951 before he was released to live as an exile in Yermakovo, where he met Alferova, a fellow exile. The collection's documents and maps provide information about the planning and construction of the railroad and the administration of the camps, while the memoirs and letters describe the experiences of prisoners, exiles, and civilian residents of Yermakovo and the camps. The collection was digitized in the early 2000s for the Meeting of Frontiers digital library project. World Digital Library.
This item is from a collection of materials related to the Salekhard-Igarka Railway, an unfinished Soviet railroad sometimes called the "Dead Road." This railroad was intended to unite European Russia with the northern regions of Siberia and to facilitate the export of minerals from the industrial city of Noril'sk. Construction began in 1949 but was abandoned in 1953 after Stalin's death. Stalin had ordered the construction of the railroad without heeding the advice of specialists, who knew that a railroad built on permafrost would be difficult to maintain. Stalin considered the railroad strategically necessary to facilitate the defense of Russia's northern coast; however, actual demand for the railway was low. Construction was divided into two projects, number 501 and number 503, and was carried out by prisoners of the infamous gulag system. According to eyewitness accounts, conditions in the camps of these projects and in Yermakovo, the central settlement of construction project 503, were better than in most parts of the gulag system. This collection consists of photographs, documents, maps, letters, and memoirs housed in the Igarka Museum of Permafrost. Photographs depict daily life in Yermakovo, a settlement near Igarka, abandoned buildings and railroad equipment, and musicians and actors of the projects' cultural and educational divisions. Many of the photographs were taken by Walter Ruge (1915-2011) and depict his wife Irina Andreevna Alferova. Ruge completed a ten-year sentence as a political prisoner in 1951 before he was released to live as an exile in Yermakovo, where he met Alferova, a fellow exile. The collection's documents and maps provide information about the planning and construction of the railroad and the administration of the camps, while the memoirs and letters describe the experiences of prisoners, exiles, and civilian residents of Yermakovo and the camps. The collection was digitized in the early 2000s for the Meeting of Frontiers digital library project. World Digital Library.
This map shows the major railroads located in the Russian Far East, Manchuria (China), and Korea in the early 20th century: the Ussuri Railroad, the Manchurian Railroad, and the Korean Railroad. The establishment of railroads was a major vehicle of imperial expansion and control in the Far East in this era, particularly for Russia and Japan. The map utilizes a variety of lines and colors to explain various phases of railroad construction: a double-black line for the completion of two tracks, a single black line for completion of one track, a red line for an established but only partially constructed railroad, and a dashed black line for a proposed (but still unbuilt) railroad. Several well-known Russian, Chinese, and Korean cities are shown on the map. These include Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk, and Vladivostok in Russia; Harbin, Mukden (present-day Shenyang), and Port Arthur (Lüshun) in China (Manchuria); and P'yongyang and Seoul in Korea. Black triangles signify the presence of Japanese troops in parts of northeastern China and Korea, reflecting the extensive military occupation by Japan following its victory in the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-5. In the 19th century, as the Qing Dynasty of imperial China weakened, both Russia and Japan sought to take advantage of China's waning power by expanding into areas of northeastern China and neighboring Korea. Russia forced China to cede territories north and east of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers in the Treaty of Aigun of 1858 and in the Convention of Peking of 1860 and increased its influence in Manchuria from its base of operations in Harbin. Japan moved aggressively into China and Korea after victories in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95 and in the Russo-Japanese War. As Japan became ascendant in the region after 1905, it targeted Russian railroad interests and reengineered local rail networks to serve its own interests. This map was compiled from notes of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society for use in a book on the Maritime Region of Russia (Primorskiy Kray, near Vladivostok). The map shows a scale at the bottom that utilizes the verst, a tsarist-era unit of distance equal to 1.07 kilometers. World Digital Library.
The map shows the borders of oblasts and okrugs, railroads, and the resettlement districts of various earmarks. Original map at: Russian State Library