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The impact of the civil war on capital intensity and labor productivity in southern manufacturing

"The Civil War resulted in a substantial divergence in the regional structure of factor prices. In particular, wages fell in the South relative to the non-South, but interest rates and other measures of the costs of capital increased. Using archival data for manufacturing establishments, we show that capital-output and capital-labor ratios in southern manufacturing declined relative to non-southern manufacturing after the War, precisely in the direction implied by the regional shifts in factor prices. Labor productivity in Southern manufacturing also declined, but this decline is explained by the reduction in capital intensity"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.

united states↗

Image 6 of The Republican journal (Belfast, Me.), November 30, 1911

Exports of Raisins From the United States Washington D C Nov 27 1911 More than one million dollars worth of raisins were exported from the United States in the last fiscal year the quanti ty 18 12 million pounds being tar in ex cess of the total exported in any earlier year The imports during the year amounted to only 2 12 million pounds against 10 million pounds in 1900 and as high as 50 million pounds in certain years prior to the development of production in the United States Comparing 1911 with 1900 the figures of the Bureau of Statistics Department of Commerce and Labor show that exports grew from 2 12 million pounds to over 18 12 million pounds and their value from 140000 to 1069000 During the same period im ports of raisins fell from 10 13 million pounds in 1900 to 2 12 million in 1911 and their value from 531000 to 237 lW 1I1C laigcot CApui IU11U1I un iuioiuh recorded in any year prior to 1911 was that of 1907 a little over 9 million pounds or less than half that of 1911 while the largest importation of raisins on record is that of 1884

waldo↗