William H. Shaffer. January 30, 1901. -\- Committed to the Committee of the Whole House and ordered to be printed
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Map shows Union troops on the road running parallel to the Orange and Alexandria railroad. Just past Bristoe Station, as Union troops crossed Broad Run, a Confederate battery emerged from woods north of the railroad. Next, Confederate skirmishers appeared on a hill overlooking the Union column. Finally, there were several Confederate charges. Union forces were able to return fire and, after several hours of fierce fighting, to capture Confederate artillery and approximately 450 prisoners.
Rose O'Neal Greenhow was a spy for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. As a young woman in Washington, she befriended many influential politicians, including President James Buchanan and South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun, who played a role in shaping her dedication to the South. During the Civil War, Greenhow wrote ciphered (secret code) messages to the Confederates, providing information about Union military plans. Confederate President Jefferson Davis credited her with helping the South win the First Battle of Bull Run. Greenhow sent a message about Union troop movements in time for Brigadier Generals Pierre Beauregard and Joseph E. Johnston to meet at Manassas, Virginia. A young woman working with Greenhow named Betty Duvall carried the message wrapped in a tiny black silk purse and hidden in a hair bun. Head of U.S. Intelligence Service Allan Pinkerton observed Rose Greenhow as part of his counterintelligence activities and found sufficient evidence to place her under house arrest. She later was transferred to prison and then deported to Richmond, Virginia. Shown here is one of her encoded letters.