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Message from the President of the United States to the two Houses of Congress, at the commencement of the third session of the Thirty-fourth Congress. December 2, 1856. -- Read. December 11, 1856. -- Ordered, that the message and accompanying documents be printed, and that 15,000 additional copies thereof be printed for the use of the Senate

Accompanying documents follow p. 27. Annual reports of the Surveyors General, p. 238. Report of Coast Survey Office relative to progress of survey of keys and islands on the coast of Florida, p. 549. Report of Superintendent of the Government Hospital for the Insane, p. 880. Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, p. 554. Report of the Commissioner of Pensions, p. 833. Report of the Commissioner of Public Buildings, p. 849. Report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, p. 189. Report of the Secretary of the Interior, p. 174. Report of the Warden of the Penitentiary, p. 865. SERIALSETDELIVERY1

isthmus of panama↗

The Army and Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Within two months of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House on 9 April 1865, the Confederacy had collapsed, and its armed forces had ceased to exist. In the spring of 1865, the U.S. Army faced the unprecedented task of occupying eleven conquered Southern states and administering "Reconstruction" -- the process by which the former rebellious states would be restored to the Union. But a rapid demobilization of the Army placed the remaining occupation troops at a disadvantage almost from the start. Mark Bradley traces the Army's law enforcement, stability, and peacekeeping roles in the South from May 1865 to the end of Reconstruction in 1877, marking a unique period in American history. During that time, the Southern states remained under military occupation, and for several years, they were also ruled by military government. Veteran Army commanders such as Philip H. Sheridan, John M. Schofield, Daniel E. Sickles, Edward R. S. Canby, and Winfield S. Hancock may have found the work of Reconstruction less dangerous than fighting the Civil War had been, but they also found it no less challenging.

united states↗

The contest in America,

Reprinted from Fraser's Magazine for February, 1862. A digital reproduction made from a copy held by the University of Michigan is available from the University of Michigan's Making of America Web site. Also available in digital form.

civil war↗